In the context of tuberculosis, strategic epidemiological information focuses on monitoring outbreaks in humans and animals, with particular attention to identifying strains resistant to multiple antibiotics, namely multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains. These strains represent a considerable challenge for the treatment and control of the disease, increasing the risk of transmission and complicating intervention strategies. Rapid and accurate detection of these strains allows for the development of adapted clinical and public health responses, which are essential for containing tuberculosis. In addition, surveillance in animal populations is essential to control possible reservoirs of the disease. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stresses the importance of robust epidemiological systems to ensure the effectiveness of these actions.