Strategic epidemiological information on avian influenza is based on active and systematic surveillance of outbreaks in birds and mammals, with a special focus on identifying highly pathogenic strains. These strains are responsible for serious outbreaks, which cause high mortality rates and have the potential to affect other species, including humans. Early detection and continuous monitoring of these strains allow informed decisions to be made to implement effective control measures, such as stamping out, quarantines and vaccination, thus reducing the risk of the virus spreading and protecting public and animal health. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) stresses that this approach is fundamental for the proper and timely management of the disease.